PIPES 1,4-piperazine bis(ethane sulfonic acid)

PIPES has been applied as a buffer using gel filtration chromatography to purify microtubule proteins, used as a buffer in gel filtration purification of recombinantly expressed GTP-binding proteins ARF1 and ARF2 from E. coli, and as a buffer for crystallizing transketolase from E. coli. In addition, since PIPES can form free radicals, it is not suitable for applications in oxidation-reduction systems. In cation exchange chromatography, a low concentration of PIPES buffer solution should be used because PIPES has a relatively high ionic strength and its pKa value is concentration-dependent.